Examples: Jilu axona, Azerbaijan Jewish axxona/axona (Garbell 1965, 297), Tisqopa axona (Rubba, individual correspondence)

(20) The expression to possess ‘brother’, aha from inside the BT, has actually while doing so come augmented, although this means is even utilized in Turoyo. Hertevin possess each other ?aha and you can ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), however, Mandaic only has aha (Macuch 1965, 495).

On top of that, exterior NENA, you will find other conditions: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)

(21) You to instead mystical goods which is attested throughout NENA dialects but Sanandaj Religious (and therefore probably merely a chance pit throughout the proof) was aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues this particular phrase derives regarding the root ql ‘to feel crooked’. The dialects make use of the means aqla, except Koy Sanjaq aqla and you will Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.

(22) Various other keyword chatted about by the Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty-two, 134) is baxta ‘woman’, that has supplanted the newest Syriac atta in every NENA, although not during the Turoyo or Mandaic. It phrase seems to result from Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It is fascinating to notice one an unequal plural endures in the multiple languages: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you may Halabja inse.

(23) An urgent advancement talked about by Noldeke (1868, 59) is actually rxata, corresponding to Syriac rhat. The alteration from h so you can x in this one word try utilized in most of the NENA dialects the spot where the verb is actually attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi roentgen-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).

(24) Various other unexpected creativity is the NENA verb ‘fear’, that takes the fresh variations zda?good, zdaya, and you will zdala regarding the some dialects. Macuch and you can Panoussi (1974, 50) bring a potential derivation from the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Models on infixed d are found throughout the fresh new NENA dialects where the root is attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)

Not all of your own determining top features of NENA are found in either Turoyo or Mandaic

I think that a lot more than makes it clear the NENA languages express an array of unique attributes being discover none in the last attested types of Aramaic nor in the almost every other life style dialects. These features assortment along side domains off phonology, morphology, and the lexicon russian brides seznamovací web.

Specifically, most of the languages of NENA agree when you look at the requirements dos, 9, fourteen, 15, sixteen, 21, and you may 22. Every languages in which i’ve information including agree on requirements 20, 23, and you may twenty four.

Just about Halabja consent when you look at the standards 8 and 11. Requirement six is found in all of the languages except Halabja, Hertevin, and you can Sanandaj Religious.

Despite the interior divisions, new NENA dialects function a strikingly coherent classification, split up clearly away from one another Turoyo and Mandaic. The career ones dialects outside the NENA pale is beyond matter.

The degree that features is actually shared across NENA is especially epic once we check out the astounding differences when considering the many dialects. The determine off most other dialects to your NENA could have been one another strong and you will wider, and also the standard of common intelligibility between languages could be extremely short. Many common designs dispute firmly to own a common origin out of brand new NENA dialects, in a choice of one dialect or perhaps in several closely related languages. Meanwhile, we can discern a number of important packages of isoglosses hence show new limitations out-of dialect communities.

a) The dialect away from Halabja cannot express some extremely important designs and therefore are observed due to the remaining languages. It does not setting a beneficial CCiC-le preterite out of intransitive verbs (8), this has zero b(it)- future marker (10), and it has no third people just one copula having step one (11). This is the quintessential important office ranging from languages out of NENA. This means that the leftover dialects mode a group by which innovations pass on if you find yourself Halabja stayed unaffected from the him or her.